Really, there are not great alternatives available. But I don't think you have yet 1) figured out what was happening with utrogestan and 2) trouble-shooted it thoroughly to get to the point of ruling it out and moving to a synthetic progestin with all the health drawbacks that can bring.
The symptoms you describe (heavier periods, prolonged cramping) actually suggest that the amount of progesterone you were taking wasn't sufficient to oppose the estrogen. It allowed the estrogen to build up the uterine lining too much, causing heavier periods - and cramping. The progesterone should be opposing that and preventing the build up. So your dose is too low...
If I were you, I would be increasing my utrogestan. I'm assuming you were on 200mg of utrogestan from days 15 to 26? You might need a higher dose. I take 300mg utrogestan orally plus 200mg vaginally AM and PM. I do this after using blood tests (from Randox Health, at home, the premium test kit) to see how much progesterone I needed to get into the normal luteal range (what we have earlier in life when we ovulate). This is what I needed. (At least - vaginally - the 300mg orally I just take for sleep.)
Many women are not on enough progesterone. It may be that you don't absorb it well orally. You may need to take it vaginally. I didn't like this idea at first, but actually it's really easy and quick and you don't need to think about when you last ate...
And again, you likely need MORE estrogen. You were on 2 pumps of gel. You were then put on a 50mcg patch. This is the same dose. If you have ANY remaining low estrogen symptoms (which you do) you need more. And you need more progesterone to oppose that.
If you really don't want the utrogestan, I would recommend a product which has just come to market - which is dydrogesterone. It is a 'kind' synthetic progestin with fewer of the problematic side effects the others cause. It has just come to market as a separate product and gives an alternative to utrogestan. Here is an article about that:
https://pharmaphorum.com/news/gedeon-richter-brings-hrt-option-back-uk-market