Extract on lower back pain in perimenopause and menopausal women
As their life expectancy increases, contemporary women live a third of their life in menopause [1]. Chronic pain is more prevalent in women than in men, and it increases with age [2–4]. According to Whelan et al., even 80% of women suffer from various symptoms (including pain) in the perimenopausal period (which is usually defined as the age range of 45-55) [5].
Going from a premenopausal period to a postmenopausal one is a result of slower production of female hormones by ovaries. This process is gradual and spread over time, and a natural part of aging. Numerous symptoms associated with the perimenopausal period have been identified. Physical ones can include spine and joint pain, hot flashes, night sweats, chronic tiredness; psychological symptoms can include irritation and anxiety, mood swings, depression and sleep disorders. The analyzed studies showed an association between the menopausal period and depression, hot flashes and sleep disorders but little attention was paid to pain (in spine and peripheral joints) as an equally prevalent symptom associated with this period of life [6].
This review focuses on the association between the perimenopausal and post-menopausal periods of life and low back pain (LBP). Additionally, it describes physiotherapeutic procedures used to treat low back pain.
Spine pain, especially in the lumbar region, is a serious health issue in the modern world.
Premenopausal women who had had a regular period in the past three months.
Early perimenopausal women who had an irregular period in the past three months.
Late perimenopausal women who had menstruated irregularly in the last 12 months but not in the last 3 months.
Postmenopausal women who had not menstruated in the last 12 months.
A separate group of women who have hormone replacement therapy.
All analyzed studies showed that women who are experiencing or experienced menopause suffered from increased joint and spine pain.
According to Dugan et al. [10], 61% of women in the study group of 2218 reported lumbar spine pain. Back pain experienced at least once in two weeks prior to the study was reported by 56% of 294 women in group 1 (premenopausal), 65% of 856 women in group 2 (early perimenopausal), 59% of 137 women in group 3 (late perimenopausal) and 61% of 152 women in group 4 (postmenopausal). Additionally, an association between increased BMI and increased pain was observed, which probably is a result of increased mechanical loading of the spine. Mitchell and Woods [12] divided their study subjects into similar groups. In group 1 (late reproductive stage), of 196 women, 81.6% reported pain; in group 2 (early transition stage), of 171 women, 77.8% reported pain; in group 3 (late transition stage), of 106 women, 83% reported pain; in group 4 (early postmenopause), of 67 women, 80.6% reported pain.